"""Functions to read data from the NOAA SOLRAD network."""
import pandas as pd
import warnings
import requests
import io
# pvlib conventions
BASE_HEADERS = (
'year', 'julian_day', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'decimal_time',
'solar_zenith', 'ghi', 'ghi_flag', 'dni', 'dni_flag', 'dhi', 'dhi_flag',
'uvb', 'uvb_flag', 'uvb_temp', 'uvb_temp_flag'
)
# following README_SOLRAD.txt variable names for remaining
STD_HEADERS = ('std_dw_psp', 'std_direct', 'std_diffuse', 'std_uvb')
HEADERS = BASE_HEADERS + STD_HEADERS
DPIR_HEADERS = ('dpir', 'dpir_flag', 'dpirc', 'dpirc_flag', 'dpird',
'dpird_flag')
MADISON_HEADERS = BASE_HEADERS + DPIR_HEADERS + STD_HEADERS + (
'std_dpir', 'std_dpirc', 'std_dpird')
# as specified in README_SOLRAD.txt file. excludes 1 space between columns
WIDTHS = [4, 3] + 4*[2] + [6, 6] + 5*[7, 1] + 4*[9]
MADISON_WIDTHS = [4, 3] + 4*[2] + [6, 6] + 8*[7, 1] + 7*[9]
# add 1 to make fields contiguous (required by pandas.read_fwf)
WIDTHS = [w + 1 for w in WIDTHS]
MADISON_WIDTHS = [w + 1 for w in MADISON_WIDTHS]
# no space after last column
WIDTHS[-1] -= 1
MADISON_WIDTHS[-1] -= 1
DTYPES = [
'int64', 'int64', 'int64', 'int64', 'int64', 'int64', 'float64',
'float64', 'float64', 'int64', 'float64', 'int64', 'float64', 'int64',
'float64', 'int64', 'float64', 'int64', 'float64', 'float64',
'float64', 'float64']
MADISON_DTYPES = [
'int64', 'int64', 'int64', 'int64', 'int64', 'int64', 'float64', 'float64',
'float64', 'int64', 'float64', 'int64', 'float64', 'int64', 'float64',
'int64', 'float64', 'int64', 'float64', 'int64', 'float64', 'int64',
'float64', 'int64', 'float64', 'float64', 'float64', 'float64', 'float64',
'float64', 'float64']
[docs]def read_solrad(filename):
"""
Read NOAA SOLRAD fixed-width file into pandas dataframe.
The SOLRAD network is described in [1]_ and [2]_.
.. versionchanged:: 0.10.4
The function now returns a tuple where the first element is a dataframe
and the second element is a dictionary containing metadata. Previous
versions of this function only returned a dataframe.
Parameters
----------
filename: str
filepath or url to read for the fixed-width file.
Returns
-------
data: Dataframe
A dataframe with DatetimeIndex and all of the variables in the
file.
metadata : dict
Metadata.
See Also
--------
get_solrad
Notes
-----
SOLRAD data resolution is described by the README_SOLRAD.txt:
"Before 1-jan. 2015 the data were reported as 3-min averages;
on and after 1-Jan. 2015, SOLRAD data are reported as 1-min.
averages of 1-sec. samples."
Here, missing data is flagged as NaN, rather than -9999.9.
References
----------
.. [1] NOAA SOLRAD Network
`https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/solrad/index.html
<https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/solrad/index.html>`_
.. [2] B. B. Hicks et. al., (1996), The NOAA Integrated Surface
Irradiance Study (ISIS). A New Surface Radiation Monitoring
Program. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 2857-2864.
:doi:`10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<2857:TNISIS>2.0.CO;2`
"""
if 'msn' in str(filename):
names = MADISON_HEADERS
widths = MADISON_WIDTHS
dtypes = MADISON_DTYPES
else:
names = HEADERS
widths = WIDTHS
dtypes = DTYPES
meta = {}
if str(filename).startswith('ftp') or str(filename).startswith('http'):
response = requests.get(filename)
response.raise_for_status()
file_buffer = io.StringIO(response.content.decode())
else:
with open(str(filename), 'r') as file_buffer:
file_buffer = io.StringIO(file_buffer.read())
# The first line has the name of the station, and the second gives the
# station's latitude, longitude, elevation above mean sea level in meters,
# and the displacement in hours from local standard time.
meta['station_name'] = file_buffer.readline().strip()
meta_line = file_buffer.readline().split()
meta['latitude'] = float(meta_line[0])
meta['longitude'] = float(meta_line[1])
meta['altitude'] = float(meta_line[2])
meta['TZ'] = int(meta_line[3])
# read in data
data = pd.read_fwf(file_buffer, header=None, names=names,
widths=widths, na_values=-9999.9, dtypes=dtypes)
# set index
# columns do not have leading 0s, so must zfill(2) to comply
# with %m%d%H%M format
dts = data[['month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute']].astype(str).apply(
lambda x: x.str.zfill(2))
dtindex = pd.to_datetime(
data['year'].astype(str) + dts['month'] + dts['day'] + dts['hour'] +
dts['minute'], format='%Y%m%d%H%M', utc=True)
data = data.set_index(dtindex)
return data, meta
[docs]def get_solrad(station, start, end,
url="https://gml.noaa.gov/aftp/data/radiation/solrad/"):
"""Request data from NOAA SOLRAD and read it into a Dataframe.
A list of stations and their descriptions can be found in [1]_,
The data files are described in [2]_.
Data is returned for complete days, including ``start`` and ``end``.
Parameters
----------
station : str
Three letter station abbreviation.
start : datetime-like
First day of the requested period
end : datetime-like
Last day of the requested period
url : str, default: 'https://gml.noaa.gov/aftp/data/radiation/solrad/'
API endpoint URL
Returns
-------
data : pd.DataFrame
Dataframe with data from SOLRAD.
meta : dict
Metadata.
See Also
--------
read_solrad
Notes
-----
Recent SOLRAD data is 1-minute averages. Prior to 2015-01-01, it was
3-minute averages.
References
----------
.. [1] https://gml.noaa.gov/grad/solrad/index.html
.. [2] https://gml.noaa.gov/aftp/data/radiation/solrad/README_SOLRAD.txt
Examples
--------
>>> # Retrieve one month of irradiance data from the ABQ SOLRAD station
>>> data, metadata = pvlib.iotools.get_solrad(
>>> station='abq', start="2020-01-01", end="2020-01-31")
"""
# Use pd.to_datetime so that strings (e.g. '2021-01-01') are accepted
start = pd.to_datetime(start)
end = pd.to_datetime(end)
# Generate list of filenames
dates = pd.date_range(start.floor('d'), end, freq='d')
station = station.lower()
filenames = [
f"{station}/{d.year}/{station}{d.strftime('%y')}{d.dayofyear:03}.dat"
for d in dates
]
dfs = [] # Initialize list of monthly dataframes
for f in filenames:
try:
dfi, file_metadata = read_solrad(url + f)
dfs.append(dfi)
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError:
warnings.warn(f"The following file was not found: {f}")
data = pd.concat(dfs, axis='rows')
meta = {'station': station,
'filenames': filenames,
# all file should have the same metadata, so just merge in the
# metadata from the last file
**file_metadata}
return data, meta